Remote Patient Monitoring and the Sepsis Alert

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By Tim Kuebelbeck, Chief Customer Officer at Ambient Clinical Analytics

Our goal at Ambient Clinical Analytics is still the same; helping doctors, nurses, hospitals & health systems solve sepsis using innovative remote patient monitoring technology and best practices while reducing nurse and physician burnout. We know that a smart communications approach using remote patient monitoring, combined with bedside and nurse station monitoring drives an effective sepsis alert, the clinical process that follows, and helps save lives while reducing sepsis costs.

Providing remote patient monitoring solutions that allow Tele-Sepsis™ services is critical to driving consistent sepsis care. Sepsis has been more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic making sepsis alert tools enabled for remote patient monitoring increasingly important. With the onset of the pandemic, a focus on automating best practices using innovative remote patient monitoring to treat sepsis and ensure that protocols don’t slip through the cracks is more vital than ever before.

Remote Patient Monitoring and the Sepsis Alert

Remote patient monitoring uses digital technologies to collect medical and other forms of personal health information (PHI) from individuals in one location and electronically display that information securely to providers in a different location for triage, assessment, and care recommendations. Remote patient monitoring allows providers to view and track relevant healthcare data for a patient regardless of the patient’s location. The patient’s setting could be anywhere from an ICU, to an acute care inpatient bed, or at home.

Remote patient monitoring systems help alert health care staff to potential clinical issues, keep people healthy, allow older and disabled individuals to live at home longer and avoid having to move into skilled nursing facilities. While traditionally remote patient monitoring has been thought of as in-home or ambulatory monitoring, that perception is quickly changing to include inpatient care as well. Because remote patient monitoring also serves inpatient populations so effectively, many health systems are now deploying remote patient monitoring solutions to detect issues early like sepsis, patient decompensation, heart failure, and to have the capability to monitor quarantined patients remotely. In fact, 88 percent of providers who were surveyed by health IT thought leaders earlier this year...were evaluating investments in remote patient monitoring technologies.¹

remote patient monitoring Sepsis Alert

As we work with hospitals, more and more we see remote patient monitoring used in conjunction with bedside and nurse station point of care sepsis response teams to make sure sepsis detection and sepsis bundle compliance are happening at significantly higher rates. Remote patient monitoring for sepsis allows for an end-to-end sepsis alert tool and for in-house or outsourced monitoring if needed. A remote patient monitoring sepsis alert solution not only needs to provide a sepsis alert, but it must also drive early intervention, and delivery of the CMS bundle using automation. The automation that comes with remote patient monitoring allows hospitals to maintain consistent quality improvement efforts for length of stay, mortality, 30 day readmits, septic shock and severe septic shock. Over time, without automating early detection from a sepsis alert, the ability to drive early intervention, and driving compliance to the CMS sepsis bundle, health systems are unable to maintain those quality improvements.

Without the ability to employ remote patient monitoring and sepsis alert automation, a hospital’s sepsis bundle compliance will fluctuate wildly. The lack of consistency that accompanies a manual EHR based sepsis alert process will not get health systems to where they need to be and the financial results of using EHR provided sepsis alert solutions are devastating. In a study on hospital related costs of sepsis, the median of the mean hospital-wide cost of sepsis per patient was $32,421 (IQR $20,745–$40,835), and the median of the mean ICU cost of sepsis per patient was $27,461 (IQR $16,007–$31,251).² According to the Agency for Healthcare and Research Quality (AHRQ), the average payment for a stay across all payers is $9,700.³ That is an average loss of $22,700 per sepsis patient treated. According to a recent article in HFMA, small hospitals experience net margin losses of ~$9.9M and larger hospitals experience a net margin loss of ~$33.9M on sepsis treatment⁴. All this data adds up to further proof that EHR provided sepsis alert solutions are failing our patients, our hospitals, and our health systems. The lack of efficacy EHR vendors have on solving sepsis is costing lives, limbs, and long-term health issues in patients and contributing to the financial crisis our health systems face in today’s pandemic environment.

Sepsis Alert and Early Detection

There are multitudes of claims by companies to the efficacy of their sepsis alert in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but few have scientific, clinical, peer reviewed, and published studies to back it up. Ambient has several peer reviewed published studies with Mayo Clinic that scientifically prove the efficacy of our sepsis alert. We provide an end-to-end solution that is much more than just a sepsis patient tracker board, called Sepsis DART™. Sepsis DART™ was developed with Mayo Clinic, and it also includes an indicative sepsis alert that is configurable by each health system, and even configurable down to the unit level. Because different units have different sepsis alert requirements, we typically run a multitude of sepsis alert algorithms in each site we install at. We can start with our Mayo Clinic sepsis detection algorithm and we also have other out of the box sepsis alert algorithms that we have developed and can utilize as starting points for hospitals or health systems. Without the ability to run multiple sepsis alert algorithms, you will find yourself spending money, time, and effort on a sepsis alert solution without improving your sepsis bundle compliance or sepsis outcomes, leaving you in the same situation you were in previously.

Early Intervention and the Sepsis Alert

Above we have spent a lot of time talking about the first key component, which is early sepsis detection with a sepsis alert, but it is also important to understand that with a sepsis solution you must drive early intervention which is the second key component to solving sepsis. With each hour that you don’t act, mortality for sepsis increases 7.6 percent. In fact, each hour of delay in antimicrobial administration over the ensuing 6 hours was associated with an average decrease in survival of 7.6%. Administration of an antimicrobial effective for isolated or suspected pathogens within the first hour of documented hypotension was associated with a survival rate of 79.9%.⁵ While deploying Sepsis DART™ in hospital systems across the U.S., we see three effective sepsis alert and response models, depending on the quality systems, management processes, and investment levels at the hospital.
  1. Upon sepsis alert remind all responsible team members
  2. Upon sepsis alert remind all responsible team members PLUS sepsis response teams
  3. Clinical control tower model for remote patient monitoring of the sepsis alert and care delivery process
remote patient monitoring Sepsis Alert

Any of these three models by themselves or combined, coupled with the right automated sepsis solution (like Sepsis DART™) will yield substantial patient outcome improvements and cost reductions. The model that will work for an individual health system will depend on the system design and workflow of each hospital, and there are many differences, especially in the quality of the staffing, information electronically available, and the investment made in centralized functions like sepsis response and central incidence management.

Delivering Timely Care and the Sepsis Alert
This brings us to the third component which is delivering care and the sepsis bundle elements within the appropriate time windows. Beyond driving early intervention as described above, it is critical that your sepsis detection solution has sepsis patient tracker board functionality that provides automatic sepsis alert and at-a-glance awareness of patient status, enabling bedside and remote monitoring of large numbers of patients simultaneously. Your sepsis alert solution must also employ smart notifications that directly notify the right care givers at the right time of a potential sepsis development in a patient and using smart escalation, continue to notify care givers via a smart sepsis alert until someone on the team takes the appropriate action. Unlike EHR’s, Sepsis DART™ does all of this and most importantly, graphically tracks the delivery of the sepsis bundle (as appropriate for that patient) while providing both smart sepsis alert notification and escalation where elements of the bundle may be in jeopardy of not being delivered correctly or in a timely fashion.

Tele-Sepsis™ Staffing and the Sepsis Alert

This brings us to the newest innovation and maybe one of the most important for solving sepsis in every facility across the United States. Your sepsis alert vendors need to provide Sepsis as a Service or Tele-Sepsis™. With many hospital and health system organizations unable to fund the investment to create a centralized Clinical Control Tower environment for remote patient monitoring or the inability to staff sepsis surveillance teams 24/7, it is important to pick a sepsis detection solution (like Sepsis DART™) that allows for Tele-Sepsis™. Companies like Ambient can provide supplemental outsourced sepsis alert monitoring through their remote patient monitoring solution. A services model for a Tele-sepsis™ or sepsis as a service program should include the following:
  • Monitoring the sepsis surveillance solution using a remote patient monitoring technology such as Sepsis DART’s Clinical Control tower
  • Working with the bed-side clinical teams in identifying and treating sepsis patients after a sepsis alert fires
  • Provide training for sepsis response teams
  • Managing the smart sepsis alert and escalation process to ensure treatment is in compliance with CMS bundle targets
  • Lead sepsis related quality improvement projects for the hospital
  • Develop process standards that meet best medical practices and regulatory requirements for supporting sepsis detection treatment and corresponding training modules
  • Set-up a staffing program to include clinicians that have experience in treating sepsis patients
Summary
Over the years we have learned that in recognizing and treating sepsis there are four elements critical to sepsis surveillance, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced mortality for effected patients. Achieving the three key components listed below requires using a remote patient monitoring solution outside of your existing EHR vendor.
  1. Early sepsis detection. Ideally this should be automated with sepsis surveillance via remote patient monitoring so the potential development of sepsis can be brought to the attention of a provider or nurse while they are providing care to their patients. Subtle changes may be taking place in the patient’s condition, and often the care team can become very focused on the current problem(s) they are dealing with and might miss the onset of sepsis without an effective sepsis alert.
  2. Early sepsis intervention. Firing a sepsis alert for a patient is great but does absolutely no good unless a provider steps in, reviews the patient’s case, and declares that the patient does indeed have sepsis, and then begins to institute treatment. With remote patient monitoring lack of early intervention can easily be monitored.
  3. Timely delivery of all required sepsis care elements. The treatment bundle for sepsis is well defined, and when delivered comprehensively within the defined time windows, provides remarkable improvements in not only the survivability of sepsis, but also in reductions of total care and length of hospitalization for patients who acquire sepsis. They (bundles) induced more consistent and timely application of evidence-based care and reduced practice variability.⁶ When the timely delivery of the correct care elements is in jeopardy, remote patient monitoring using Sepsis DART™ drives best practice by providing smart notifications delivered to doctors and nurses, even if they are not currently looking at that specific patient in the EHR.
  4. Automated Communication. Sepsis DART’s functionality provides automatic sepsis alert and at-a-glance awareness of patient status, enabling bedside and remote patient monitoring of large numbers of patients simultaneously. Our sepsis alert solution also employs smart notifications that directly notify the right care givers at the right time of a potential sepsis development in a patient. Using smart escalation, Sepsis DART continues to notify care givers via a smart sepsis alert until someone on the team takes the appropriate action. Sepsis DART™ does this and simultaneously graphically tracks the delivery of the sepsis bundle (as appropriate for that patient) while providing both smart sepsis alert notification and smart sepsis alert escalation where elements of the bundle may be in jeopardy of not being delivered correctly or in a timely fashion
About Sepsis
According to the World Health Organization, sepsis is a condition that affects over 30 million people globally every year and is responsible for some 6 million deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that 1.5 million Americans contract the disease every year and about a third of these patients die.

remote patient monitoring Sepsis Alert

Hospitals have access to the correct materials to treat sepsis, and with early detection and treatment delivered in the first critical 6 hours after diagnosis, these are, for the most part, preventable deaths. But the disease is also notoriously difficult to diagnose. The chronic under-diagnosing, delayed treatment and subsequent deaths are the motivation behind worldwide campaigns to improve sepsis recovery strategies.

Sepsis results in extended and extreme care, including long stays in the ICU, where patients need a high level of monitoring and attention. These requirements make it a particularly expensive condition to treat, costing the US $24 billion annually.

Sepsis DART™
Ambient Clinical Analytics has developed an FDA Class II cleared clinical decision sepsis alert tool called Sepsis DART which assists hospitals with the sepsis alert, timely delivery and management of treatment, and reporting.

Sepsis DART™ (Detection and Response Tool) is a bedside and remote patient monitoring solution designed to analyze patient data and identify potential sepsis conditions early, offering medical staff the right information for detection, and using a smart sepsis alert supports tracking of the treatment process.

It moves with the patient through different hospital units, services, and environments, integrates with any EMR system, and is configurable for various institutional purposes. Sepsis DART™ is an FDA Class II approved remote patient monitoring solution that was clinically vetted with Mayo Clinic and has a strong return on investment. One of the reasons Ambient is the only FDA approved end-to-end sepsis solution on the market today, is the FDA requires that vendors have the capability to customize algorithms, which we do, and it allows us to tune algorithms to fit any health system, hospital location, or unit.

The Sepsis DART™ system monitors and communicates regarding all aspects of sepsis treatment bundles to the right practitioners at the right time, maintaining information on septic patients even between care locations and shifting staff. This reduces errors and omissions, as the entire care team understands on a real-time basis what treatment elements have and have not been delivered, and how much time is left to successfully complete treatment. Published research from Mayo Clinic shows that AWARE Sepsis DART provides a high level of sensitivity and specificity as well as improved compliance with sepsis treatment delivery guidelines. Because Sepsis DART keeps all the pertinent data for each case in a single repository, all centrally available and correlated to the “time zero” of the sepsis event, the effort required to abstract and report on sepsis cases is substantially reduced and that alone, not including improvements in outcomes and CMS compliance, cost justifies any system costs.

For more detailed information on how you can solve sepsis in your organization with Ambient Clinical Analytics please contact tim.kuebelbeck@ambientclinical.com.

About Ambient Clinical Analytics - As an industry leader, Ambient is supporting leading healthcare systems and has done so since its founding in 2013. Our solutions are designed by clinicians to be easy-to-use by every caregiver in your organization and are configured to be up and running rapidly. We are trusted by a community of high-performing healthcare providers across the United States. Our solutions are powerful real-time point-of-care and remote patient monitoring healthcare platforms designed to deliver life-saving solutions using data visualization, communication, clinical analytics, and clinical decision support.

Ambient’s AWARE™ and Sepsis DART™ solutions are exceptionally secure, high-performance, FDA Class II approved and CE Marking certified Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) platforms. Ambient’s Sepsis DART™ product has been accepted into the Patient Safety Movement’s Actionable Patient Safety Solutions (APSS) #9 for Sepsis. Ambient has achieved ISO 13485:2016 certification, an internationally recognized quality standard specific to the medical device industry. The ISO 13485 standard sets out the requirements for a quality management system specific to the medical device industry. Ambient is also deploying the AWARE™ family of solutions, to help manage COVID-19. Ambient’s Virtual ICU platforms are ideal for dealing with current and possible future outbreaks. For more information, visit https://ambientclinical.com.

Citations
  1. McGrail, Samantha, Remote Patient Monitoring, Reimbursement Topped Headlines in 2019, MHealthIntelligence.com, 2019
  2. Arefian H, et al Hospital-related cost of sepsis: A systematic review. J Infect. 2017 Feb;74(2):107-117. PMID: 27884733.
  3. AHRQ, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2010
  4. Kulick, D., et al., Sepsis poses a cost-containment challenge in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, HFMA, July 20, 2020
  5. Kumar A, et al Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):1589-96. PMID: 16625125.
  6. Jozwiak M, Monnet X, Teboul JL., Implementing sepsis bundles, NCBI, September, 2016
 

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